Spontaneous breathing with continuous positive airway pressure in neonates Respiración espontanea con presión positiva continua en la vía aérea en neonatos

Abstract

The use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure has been widely used during the last four decades in the management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn, becoming an effective, economical and beneficial ventilatory mode; It has currently become the first tool in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, providing optimal oxygen support and facilitating alveolar opening, combined with other therapeutic alternatives such as surfactant replacement and the use of prenatal corticosteroids in order to optimize function. lung function and reduce lung injury. In this article, we present a review on the use of continuous positive airway pressure in the newborn since its inception, its different forms of continuous and variable flow administration with the devices used for its delivery in neonates such as nasal and binasal prongs and cannulas, facial masks, among others. Also the indications, possible complications and benefits of positive pressure, highlighting this ventilatory mode as an important strategy in the management of newborns with respiratory distress syndrome, as an alternative to intubation or weaning from invasive ventilation, reducing the lung injury caused by this. mode
ventilatory, in the management of apnea of ​​prematurity.