Physiotherapeutic approach in respiratory failure during pregnancy. Abordaje fisioterapéutico en la falla respiratoria durante el embarazo. Period (2007-2017) bibliographic review

Abstract

Introduction: The pregnant woman has changes inherent to her condition, which makes them more susceptible to triggering respiratory failure, making it a therapeutic challenge for the health professional. The present investigation describes the physiotherapeutic approach in respiratory failure during pregnancy, according to the literature available between 2007-2017. Methods: Qualitative approach study, type documentary review with descriptive method. The search was performed in indexed databases, evidencing anatomical and physiological changes of pregnancy and its risk factor in respiratory failure, as well as the physiotherapeutic approach with the use of invasive and non-invasive techniques. Results: The anatomophysiological changes that predispose to respiratory failure in women during the gestation stage of Residual Functional Capacity (FCR), alteration of respiratory mechanics, edema of the upper airway and the increase of Oxygen Consumption (VO2). The use of chest physiotherapy techniques as a psycho-prophylactic alternative during pregnancy is highlighted. Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIMV) is the first alternative in order to avoid intubation and lung damage due to Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (VMI). The use of invasive techniques such as Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), the last resort in the rescue of respiratory failure. Conclusion: During pregnancy, multiple modifications occur at the level of different body systems, causing it to become a highly complex patient in its intervention. One of the main causes of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is respiratory failure in the pregnant woman, making it necessary to implement the use of invasive and non-invasive techniques, providing patient safety with trained professionals in the area.