Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on gene expression related to fitness
Efectos del entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) en la expresión génica relacionada con el fitness Narrative review
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High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has emerged as an effective strategy to improve physical fitness and modulate key metabolic and molecular processes. This study aims to analyze the effects of HIIT on gene expression related to fitness, focusing on pathways such as mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, energy metabolism, inflammation, and immune response. Method: A narrative review of 14 relevant studies was conducted after an exhaustive search on PubMed using terms like "HIIT," "gene expression," "mitochondrial biogenesis," and "angiogenesis." The included studies encompassed clinical trials, observational studies, and animal models investigating the impact of HIIT on gene expression. Extracted data included study type, HIIT protocol, population characteristics, methods of gene expression evaluation, and main outcomes. Results: The reviewed studies show that HIIT induces significant changes in key genes such as PGC-1α, VEGF, eNOS, IL-6, and various miRNAs, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, energy metabolism, and immune response. Variations in HIIT protocols influence the magnitude of these molecular adaptations. Conclusion: HIIT is an effective intervention to improve physical fitness and modulate key genetic pathways, offering potential benefits for various populations, including individuals with chronic diseases and sedentary older adults. Customizing HIIT protocols can maximize these positive effects.
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