Effects of physical exercise on bone mineral density in people with osteoporosis: a systematic review
Efectos del ejercicio físico sobre la densidad mineral ósea en personas con osteoporosis: una revisión sistemática
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Exercise has been used in the treatment and prevention of Osteoporosis, however, it is not clear what intensity and type of exercise is most recommended, as well as its effects on bone metabolism. The objective is established to conduct a search in the literature that shows the findings of the effects of physical exercise on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and the most recommended type of exercise. At a methodological level, a Systematic Review was carried out, through a search in MEDLINE, EBSCO and PUBMED databases, of randomized controlled studies (RCTs) that measured the effects of physical exercise on BMD between 1995 and 2010. For them, terms were used Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) descriptors. 33 RCT studies were found with levels of evidence between 1+ and 1-. The studies presented a great variety in the types of exercise used and the majority evaluated BMD through dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. In conclusion, we can find that both aerobic training and strength training show effects on bone metabolism. which seem to be generated more by an effect of decreasing the rate of bone loss than by an increase in BMD. The results are also associated with the intervention time, with positive changes being found in long-term programs. The effect on falls and fracture risk is still controversial.
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