TECNOLOGÍA DE ASISTENCIA: EXOESQUELETOS ROBÓTICOS EN REHABILITACIÓN

TECNOLOGÍA DE ASISTENCIA: EXOESQUELETOS ROBÓTICOS EN REHABILITACIÓN

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José Iván Alfonso Mantilla
Jaime Martínez Santa
Resumen
Introducción: la robótica es la ciencia que combina la mecánica y electrónica; tiene como fin la creación de sistemas robóticos. Adicionalmente, esta área de conocimiento se especializa en la creación de tecnologías de asistencia para pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas como lesiones espinales, accidentes cerebrovasculares y enfermedades degenerativas de la médula espinal, estos sistemas son conocidos como exoesqueletos robóticos los cuales son sistemas mecatrónicos usados por una persona de tal manera que la interfaz física permite una transferencia directa de energía mecánica e intercambio de información. Objetivo: realizar una revisión de literatura acerca de los tipos de exoesqueletos robóticos y los beneficios de la intervención realizados con los mismos en pacientes con lesiones neurológicas. Materiales y Método: se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las siguientes bases de datos como: Ebsco, Pedro, Hinari, Elsevier, Science Direct, Springer Medline. Tuvo como criterios de inclusión estudios entre el 2000 y el 2016, con los siguientes términos DeCS: Exoskeleton device, rehabilitation, robotics, gait el idioma de los artículos consultados podía ser en español, inglés o portugués. Resultados: existen diferentes tipos de exoesqueletos robóticos tanto de miembros inferiores y superiores, estos utilizan una interfaz entre el sujeto para obtener una interacción mecánica, en enfermedades neurológicas como lesiones espinales y accidentes cerebrovasculares se ha reportado el aumento de variables cinéticas y cinemáticas en el patrón de marcha así como el aumento funcionalidad en mano. Conclusiones: los exoesqueletos robóticos deben ser el futuro de intervenciones en fisioterapia debido a su alto nivel de confiabilidad
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José Iván Alfonso Mantilla, Universidad del Rosario.

Fisioterapeuta. Universidad del Rosario.

Jaime Martínez Santa, Universidad del Rosario.

Fisioterapeuta. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Especialista en Epidemiología. Universidad del Rosario. Especialista en Estadística. Universidad Nacional
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